Saving energy with solar chimneys


Tuesday, 05 May, 2020


Saving energy with solar chimneys

A solar chimney that is optimised for energy saving and fire safety has been designed by researchers at RMIT University.

The chimney — which can reportedly cut energy costs by up to 50% and save lives during a building fire — has been included as part of the sustainable features of the new Mentone Reserve Pavilion in Melbourne.

Modelling by researchers shows the specially designed solar chimney radically increases the amount of time people have to escape the building during a fire — extending the safe evacuation time from about two minutes to over 14 minutes.

A solar chimney is a passive solar heating and cooling system that harnesses natural ventilation to regulate the temperature of a building.

With an estimated 19% of the world’s energy resources going to heating, ventilating and cooling buildings, integrating solar chimneys into new builds and retrofitting to existing structures offers great potential for reducing this massive environmental cost.

In the new project, a collaboration between RMIT University and the City of Kingston, researchers designed a solar chimney to maximise its efficiency for both ventilating fresh air and sucking smoke out of a building in case of fire.

Researcher Dr Long Shi said solar chimneys have well-established environmental credentials, but their potential for improving fire safety had not been explored.

“In an emergency situation where every second counts, giving people more time to escape safely is critical,” Shi said.

“Our research demonstrates that solar chimneys offer powerful benefits for both people’s safety and the environment.

“Delivering on two important functions could boosts the already strong cost-effectiveness of this sustainable technology.

“We hope our findings will inspire more investment and development of solar chimneys in Australia, and around the world.”

Kingston Mayor Georgina Oxley said the council was excited to be a part of the groundbreaking project.

“Creating new and innovative ways of reducing energy consumption in our building design is something that is a priority for council,” Oxley said.

“The solar chimney that has been installed at the new state-of-the-art Mentone Reserve Pavilion not only allows us to harness clean green energy to heat and cool the building, helping council achieve its environmental goals, but it also has the potential to save lives in the event of a fire. This is a truly remarkable design.”

While calculations around the sixfold increase in safe evacuation time were specific to the new building, previous research by the team from RMIT’s School of Engineering has confirmed solar chimneys can successfully achieve both functions — ventilation and smoke exhaustion.

How a solar chimney works

The passive design approach behind solar chimneys operates on the well-known principle that hot air always rises.

Modern solar chimneys usually feature a wall of glass next to a wall that is painted black, to maximise the absorption of solar radiation. Vents at the top and bottom control the airflow in and out of the chimney for heating or cooling.

As the sun warms the chimney, this heats the air inside it. The hot air rises and is vented out of the top of the chimney, which draws more air in at the bottom, driving ventilation through a building to naturally cool it down. When it’s cold outside, the chimney can be closed, to direct the absorbed heat back into the building and keep it warm.

It is a simple concept that is relatively cheap to retrofit and adds almost no extra cost to a new build, but can drive energy consumption down.

The solar chimney helps control temperature in case of a fire. Modelling shows temperature at 16 minutes with a solar chimney (top) and at three minutes without a solar chimney (bottom).

Reducing smoke increases safety

During a fire, the same principle of hot air rising enables the solar chimney to suck smoke out of the building.

Less smoke means better visibility, lower temperatures and reduced carbon monoxide — all of which contribute to increasing the amount of time people have to safely evacuate.

To understand exactly how much evacuation time a solar chimney could deliver for a specific building, you need to model for that exact design, Shi said.

“This will differ from building to building, but we know that any extra time is precious and improves fire safety, which could ultimately help to save lives,” he said.

The new research offers a technical guide for optimising the design and engineering of solar chimneys in real buildings, to expand their application across the two functions.

The research, ‘Solar chimney for a real building considering both functions of energy saving and fire safety – a case study’, with co-authors Anthony Ziem, Jie Li, Professor Kevin Zhang and Professor Sujeeva Setunge, is published in Energy and Buildings.

Modelling of carbon monoxide levels about 16 minutes after a fire breaks out shows the dramatic difference in CO with a solar chimney (top) and without (bottom).

Top image caption: The groundbreaking solar chimney at the Mentone Reserve Pavilion. Image: City of Kingston

Related Articles

Hospitality precinct opts for large-scale solar

Brisbane's Howard Smith Wharves has installed a 179 kW rooftop solar array as part of...

When bus depots become energy hubs

While electric buses bring clear benefits to a city, introducing new fleets of electric vehicles...

Astronomy, renewables and 'energy communities'

Building a renewable energy system for a telescope in Chile's Atacama Desert could also cover...


  • All content Copyright © 2024 Westwick-Farrow Pty Ltd